A Semi-Selective Agar Medium to Detect the Presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum in Naturally Infected Cotton Seed
نویسندگان
چکیده
A semi-selective agar medium was developed for detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed. The basic medium was peptone-sucrose-agar (PSA). Criteria for the semi-selective medium were the typical colony characters of Xam and its pathogenicity on cotton. Several systemic fungicides and antibiotics in different concentrations were tested alone or in combination with others. The final composition of the semi-selective agar medium was established after several attempts in order to inhibit most of the fungal and bacterial saprophytes and favour the development of Xam. It contained PSA + cyclohexamide, cephalexin, pencycuron, triadimenol and tolylfluanid. The bacteria were recovered from naturally infected seeds by the direct plating of 2,000 surface disinfected seeds on the semi-selective medium. The recovery of the pathogen from naturally infected leaf tissues and in dilution plating, on semiselective medium and on nutrient agar, were comparable. Among the three detection methods tested, the semi-selective medium was found to be the most reliable and quantifiable. Degree of severity of angular leaf spot in the field was not always correlated with the level of infection in the seed. This is the first report of a semi-selective agar medium to detect the presence of Xam in naturally infected cotton seed. Additional keywords: Gossypium hirsutum, black arm of cotton, angular leaf spot. RESUMO Meio semi-selectivo para detectar a presença de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum em sementes de algodoeiro naturalmente infetadas Um meio de cultura semi-seletivo foi desenvolvido para detectar Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) em sementes do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum). O meio básico foi peptona-sacarose-ágar (PSA). Os critérios para o meio semi-seletivo foram; as características típicas das colônias de Xam e sua patogenicidade em algodoeiro. Vários fungicidas sistêmicos e antibióticos foram testados sozinhos ou em combinação com outros em diferentes concentrações. A composição final do meio semi-seletivo foi estabelecida após várias tentativas no sentido de inibir a maioria dos fungos e bactérias saprofíticas e favorecer o desenvolvimento de Xam. O meio contém: PSA + ciclohexamida, cefalexina, pencycuron, triadimenol e tolylfluanid. A bactéria foi recuperada de sementes naturalmente infetadas através do plaqueamento direto de 2.000 sementes externamente desinfestadas em meio semi-seletivo. A recuperação do patógeno de tecidos homogenizados da folha infetada e a recuperação em plaqueamento por diluição, em meio semi-seletivo e em agar nutriente, foram comparáveis. Entre os três métodos de detecção, o meio semi-seletivo foi o mais preciso e confiável. O nível da severidade de infecção em campo não era sempre correlacionado com o nível de infecção nas sementes. Este é o primeiro relato de meio semi-seletivo para detectar a presença de Xam em sementes do algodoeiro. Palavras-chave adicionais: Gossypium hirsutum, mancha angular.
منابع مشابه
Fluctuation in some enzymes related to antioxidant defense system in common bean against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli
Antioxidant enzymes play an important role in plant defense against pathogenic agents. Following the identification of the pathogen, plants produce active oxygen species (ROS) as one of their first defense responses. To maintain the balance of ROS levels and prevent their harmful effects, plants produce antioxidant peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dism...
متن کاملThe genome of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1
Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum is a major pathogen of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.. In this study we report the complete genome of the X. citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1 assembled from long read DNA sequencing technology. The MSCT1 genome is the first X. citri pv. malvacearum genome with complete coding regions for X. citri pv. malvacearum transcriptional activator-like effectors. In add...
متن کاملشباهت الگوی الکتروفورز پروتئین استرینهای Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri جداشده از مرکبات استانهای هرمزگان وکرمان با استرینهای برخی دیگر از گونههای Xanthomonas
Protein electrophoretic pattern similarity among 21 strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri isolated from Hormozgan and Kerman provinces together with the representatives of reference strains of X.a. pv. citri and X. a. pv. aurantifoli and 246 strains of the other Xanthomonas spp. including : X. a. pv. citri, X. a. pv. glycins, X. a. pv. manihotis, X. c. pv. campestris, X. a. pv. phaseoli, ...
متن کاملشباهت الگوی الکتروفورز پروتئین استرینهای Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri جداشده از مرکبات استانهای هرمزگان وکرمان با استرینهای برخی دیگر از گونههای Xanthomonas
Protein electrophoretic pattern similarity among 21 strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri isolated from Hormozgan and Kerman provinces together with the representatives of reference strains of X.a. pv. citri and X. a. pv. aurantifoli and 246 strains of the other Xanthomonas spp. including : X. a. pv. citri, X. a. pv. glycins, X. a. pv. manihotis, X. c. pv. campestris, X. a. pv. phaseoli, ...
متن کاملHigh-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Strains
We report high-quality draft genome sequences of two strains (race 18 and 20) of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, the causal agent of bacterial blight of cotton. Comparative genomics will help to decipher mechanisms provoking disease and triggering defense responses and to develop new molecular tools for epidemiological surveillance.
متن کامل